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博兰智喷涂-Coating Facilities涂装设备
发布时间:2021-09-25        浏览次数:839        返回列表
 过程技术

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一条涂装生产线被划分为许多区域。涂装工艺依赖于喷漆室中的温度和湿度这两个必要条件(见图8.8)。在喷涂过程中过喷涂的部分被垂直风直接压制到文丘里室并被冲刷走。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">喷房配置了供风系统。新风由空调吸入,经过多段过滤、加热、加湿,然后进入静压室,然后风速统一调整至0.2-0.5m/s,供入喷房。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">过喷涂过程中产生的漆雾,经过文丘里系统,漆雾颗粒被水吸收。废气被导向到热交换器中。在这里,内部的空气反向流动进行温度和湿度的交换。涂料被带到漆渣室,增加絮凝药剂使其凝固结渣,产生的固废用于其他技术领域。漆渣室是封闭循环的,脱渣后的水仍然回到喷房继续使用。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8.4.2喷涂处理中的自动化

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">涂装工艺自动化的演变已经经历了很多阶段。在早期阶段,车身外部的区域由自动机来喷涂。在当时,除了第二道金属色漆,各个涂层已经能够通过高速悬杯来喷涂,因此,空气喷枪尽管低效,但在这个工位也有其可取性。随着机械化概念进一步发展成机器人概念,以此为驱动是喷涂更为灵活高效。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">转化到喷涂工艺上,这意味着机器人的应用为车身设计提供了更多的灵活性,并且,与此同时,可以通过高效的喷涂能力减少悬杯的数量,增加喷涂效率,相应的降低运营费用。用于第二道金属漆的空气雾化器由高转速悬杯取代。在未来,杯+杯的应用将很有可能推广到整个外板喷涂。全自动内表面喷涂是机器人技术的新领域,今年来主要是空气喷枪。内板机器人使用悬杯是近期技术攻关的主要发展趋势[5]

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">有两种不同的车身喷涂技术,随车喷涂和间歇性喷涂。两者有一些共同的特质。随车喷涂技术,机器人坐标不停的随车身同步移动。第二种间歇式喷涂。后者需要将车身快速的移动到机器人工作区,和机器人定位点相匹配。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">以上两种技术的选择对机器人工作站的设计具有显著影响。“随车式”更适用于六轴机器人。特点是,技术复杂性低,投资成本低。此外,由于不需要额外的时间用于特殊的传输和定位技术,该技术拥有较高的喷涂能力。然而,“间歇式”喷涂技术也有它的优点。车身的定位更加精准,喷涂过程中也不受由于输送系统导致的车身位置变化所产生的影响。机器人的数量也可以减少,特别是有较长时间停留的情况下。如果机器人出现技术故障,只要安装两台机器人在车体两侧,剩下的机器人仍可以接着之前的步骤进行涂装。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这两种技术都可以完成车体内板涂装。然而,已安装完成的机器人不能用于此目的。

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涂装机器人

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">喷涂机器人可以通过手臂的不同扭曲形式自由的编程,它拥有6个可旋转的轴,3个移动轴(主轴),3个旋转轴(辅轴)。它能够安装在一个附加的移动轴上。车身所有内外表面喷涂工艺都可以通过机器人喷涂实现。涂装机器人主要由图8.9展示的部件组成。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">A painting robot has six movement axes (see Figure 8.10):

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1. axis 1 (horizontal turning movement of the housing on the basicbody)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2. axis 2 (pivoting movement of arm 1 on the basic body)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3. axis 3 (pivoting movement of arm 2 at arm 1)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4. axis 4 (rotatory movement of the hand axis directly at arm 2)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5. axis 5 (rotatory angularly offset movement of the middle hand axis component)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6. axis 6 (rotatory movement of the hand axis at the atomizer flange).

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">涂装机器人具有6个可移动轴(见图8.10

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.1(用于基座壳体在水平方向移动       

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2(用于臂1在基座上旋转运动)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.3(用于臂2在臂1上旋转运动)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.4(用于手轴在臂2上旋转运动)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5.5(用于中间手轴分量运动的偏移角度)

important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6.6(用于手轴在雾化器法兰处的旋转运动)

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">To be able to adjust the working range ofthe robot optimally to the painting task, the necessary robot kinematics can berealized by using arms with different lengths. A sufficient carrying weight, ahigh dynamics, and high path accuracy are other important features of a robot system.For the painting of interiors, it may be advantageous from the point of view ofthe available painting time, if so-called handling robots (door and hoodopeners) complement the system. However, if the painting time is assessedproperly, door and hood handling by the painting robot may reduce theinvestment cost.

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为了调整机器人的喷涂范围满足喷涂作业量,可以通过使用具有不同长度机械臂来实现必要的机器人运动。足够的承载重量,高动态性能和高路径精度是机器人系统的另一些重要特征。内板喷涂,如果搭配了所谓的操作机器人(开门或开盖的机械手)组成系统,会以有效的喷涂时间来评价其喷涂的优势。然而,如果喷涂时间配置合理,门和盖的机械手可以减少投资。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Painting robots can carry various atomizersystems like pneumatic atomizer, high-speed-rotating atomizer, and powderatomizer. It is important to note here, that the painting robot is suited forelectrostatics without restrictions. Today’s standard for painting robots isthe layout of all media lines to the atomizer through the robot arm. Theapplication equipment must not restrict the high dynamics of the robot. Therefore,dosing pumps, air volume sensors, and proportional valves are installed asclose as possible to the atomizer.

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">涂装机器人可以配置不同的雾化系统,如空气杯,悬杯,和粉末喷涂杯。这里需要重点强调的是,涂装机器人适用于各种加电环境没有限制。今天的涂装机器人的标准是通过机器人臂将所有介质线路布置到喷雾器。使用的设备不得限制机器人的高动态性。因此,计量泵,成型空气阀和比例阀要安装在尽可能靠近雾化器的位置。

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Robot control must be particularlyefficient that is, a robot must have an operating system capable ofmultitasking. The hardware and software components of the control should have amodular architecture. Painting-specific functions such as for instance, aconvenient main-needle control for the atomizer, a function for the exactrepositioning and continuing of the painting process after a conveyor stop, ora function enabling the painting robot to automatically move backwards on thepath after an emergency stop – especially important for interior painting –make the robot operation safer for process and also increase its availability.

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important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">机器人的控制要特别有效率,这就是说,一部机器人必须具有能够进行多任务的操作系统。硬件和软件的控制应该有一个模块化的架构。特殊喷涂的功能,例如,当输送线停止后,机器人可以重新定位,继续完成涂装剩余作业。或者在急停操作之后,机器人可以自动退回功能,这对内板机器人尤为重要,使机器人操作过程更安全,并增加其可用性。
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